Evolution of the GII.3[P12] Norovirus from 2010 to 2019 in Jiangsu, China

Abstract Objectives Norovirus genotype GII.3[P12] strains have been an important pathogen for sporadic gastroenteritis infection. In previous studies of GII.3[P12], the number specimens and time span are relatively small, which is difficult to truly reflect infection evolution this type norovirus. Here we report a molecular epidemiological study NoVs prevalent in Jiangsu between 2010 2019 investigate China. Methods 60 norovirus were sequenced analyzed evolution, recombination, selection pressure using bioanalysis software. Results The continuously detected during period, showed high constituent ratio males, winter among children aged 0–11 months, respectively. A time-scaled evolutionary tree that both GII.P12 RdRp GII.3 VP1 sequences grouped into three major clusters (Cluster I–III). Most mainly located sub-cluster (SC) II Cluster III. SimPlot analysis identified strain be as ORF1-intragenic recombinant GII.4[P12] GII.3[P21]. genes higher mean substitution rate than those all GII.P12, while lower GII.3. Alignment capsid revealed HBGA binding sites known remained conserved, several amino acid mutations predicted antibody detected. mutation at 385 was within regions, close host attachment factor sites. Positive negative estimated. Two common positively selected (sites 406) on surface protruding domain. Moreover, (aa204) estimated near active site protein. Conclusions We conducted comprehensive epidemic noroviruses results suggested possibly driven by intergenic recombination some key